Skip to main content
Fig. 8 | Respiratory Research

Fig. 8

From: Intrapleural dual blockade of IL-6 and PD-L1 reprograms CAF dynamics and the tumor microenvironment in lung cancer-associated malignant pleural effusion

Fig. 8

A schematic diagram of the mechanism of IL-6 and PD-L1 dual blockade therapy for the intrapleural treatment of MPE. Elevated IL-6 in MPE contribute to an immunosuppressive microenvironment with low infiltration of CD8+ T cells and high infiltration of iCAFs. IL-6 upregulates PD-L1 in tumor cells, thereby enhancing immunosuppression. Dual blockade of IL-6 and PD-L1 effectively reprograms the TME, reduces tumor burden, and enhances anti-tumor immunity. Created with BioRender

Back to article page

Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

Contact us