Impact of coal mine dust exposure and cigarette smoking on lung disease in Appalachian coalminers

Respiratory Research

Table 4: Multivariate logistic regression model predicting significant associations between radiologic and histologic findings and exposures in the coal miner cohort

	Composite smoking pack ≥30 years			Coal mine work duration ≥30 years			Silica exposure			Asbestos exposure
	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value	OR	95% CI	p-value
Emphysema
Radiologic	11.06	6.64–18.40	<.001
Histologic	3.80	2.20–6.56	<.001
ILDs
Any ILD (not including RB-ILD)	3.67	2.38–5.65	<.001	1.73	1.12–2.67	.01	2.03	1.15–3.58	.01
RB-ILD (including small opacities disease)	0.33	0.16–0.68	.002	5.99	3.15–11.41	<.001	3.18	1.61–6.29	<.001
CPFE	10.4	4.49–24.34	<.001	2.44	1.24–4.78	.009
Histologic fibrosis	2.62	1.48–4.61	<.001	3.27	1.65–6.48	<.001
CWP
Radiologic simple CWP				3.51	2.15–5.73	0
Radiologic complicated CWP	0.52	0.29–0.90	.02	5.49	3.19–9.41	0	3.53	1.91–6.51	<.001
Histologic CWP	0.21	0.06–0.69	.01	19.30	6.45–57.69	0
Histologic anthracosis	2.45	1.48–4.06	<.001	1.99	1.01–3.96	.05
Dilated main pulmonary artery (CT ratio PA/Ao> 0.90)				1.58	1.05–2.38	.03
Pleural plaque/thickening (radiologic)										4.98	2.63–9.41	<.001

CWP coal workers’ pneumonoconiosis, CPFE combined pulmonary fibrosis with emphysema, ILD interstitial lung disease, OR odds ratio (unadjusted), PA/Ao ratio of main pulmonary artery trunk and ascending aorta diameter, RB-ILD respiratory bronchiolitis-ILD

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