Fig. 2

High resolution CT chest images with various interstitial lung disease patterns in coal miners. a, b HRCT chest images of 77-year-old-man with history of 23 years of coal mining work (both underground and surface, worked on every task with reported silica exposure) and former smoking of 40 pack years shows upper lobe predominant paraseptal and bullous emphysema and lower lobe predominant bibasilar extensive honeycomb changes with traction bronchiectasis, consistent with a pattern of combined pulmonary fibrosis emphysema (CPFE) and/or airspace enlargement with fibrosis (AEF). c, d HRCT chest images of a 69-year-old man with history of 42 years of mining (including 10 years of underground work), remote history of former smoking (7.5 pack years) shows apical to basal gradient of subpleural reticular changes, traction bronchiectasis and lower lobe predominant honeycomb changes, consistent with a pattern of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) who also underwent bilateral lung transplantations. Explant pathology confirmed UIP with anthracotic nodes and coal dust macules. e, f HRCT chest images of a 67-year-old-man with history of 25 years of coal mining work and current active smoker (1 pack per day for 50 years) shows upper lobe predominant emphysema (advanced centrilobular, paraseptal subtypes) and mid and lower zones predominant diffuse ground glass changes with reticular changes, likely suggesting of a pattern of desquamative interstitial pneumonia (DIP).g, h HRCT chest images of a 68-year-old long-wall continuous miner (for 43 years) and 50 pack years of cigarette smoking shows upper lobe predominant centrilobular emphysema, mediastinal calcified lymphadenopathy and an ILD pattern consistent with fibrotic nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) characterized by non-apical to basal gradient, scattered ground glass opacities and traction bronchiectasis