Fig. 6

Decision tree model for the pleural effusion etiology classification. The value list at each node shows the distribution of samples across different classes, with percentages indicating the proportion of cases for each class within that node. Each class represents an etiological category in the pleural effusion diagnosis, and the tree splits the data by sequentially choosing the most informative features at each node to make predictions. MPE, malignant pleural effusion, TPE, tuberculous pleural effusion, PPE, parapneumonic pleural effusion