Fig. 2

PCA and heatmaps of the lipids examined in the present study. (A) PCA analysis of the lipids from PF patients and HC subjects. (B) Heatmap of the lipids. Each column in the heatmap showed blue for down-regulation and red for up-regulation. PF patients (red) and HC subjects (green) were indicated as groups. (C) Volcano plot depicting differential expression of all lipids between PF patients and HC subjects. Lipids that increased in PF patients are indicated in red, and those that decreased are indicated in purple (a total of 41 lipids). (D) A list of all 41 lipids, including the three lipids with outlier values. Three lipids contained outlier values (indicated in green italics), as confirmed in the box-and-whisker plots (Fig. S1). Those lipids were excluded from the subsequent heatmap analysis. (E) Heatmap of the lipids from PF patients and HC subjects after excluding the three lipids with outlier values (a total of 38 lipids)