Step up to triple therapy versus switch to dual bronchodilator therapy in patients with COPD on an inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist: post-hoc analyses of KRONOS

Table 2 Lung function changes from baseline^a: participants in the Exacerbations^{(No recent)} population^b

	Step up to ICS/LAMA/LABA	Switch to LAMA/LABA	Stay on ICS/LABA
	BGF 320/14.4/10 μg	GFF 14.4/10 μg	BFF 320/10 μg	BUD/FORM 400/12 μg
n	188	188	83	79
Mean morning pre-dose trough FEV₁ ± SD at baseline, L	1.242 ± 0.479	1.248 ± 0.482	1.159 ± 0.393	1.209 ± 0.504
LSM (SE) change in morning pre-dose trough FEV₁ from baseline over 24 weeks, L	0.149 (0.0117)	0.137 (0.0118)	0.043 (0.0177)	0.094 (0.0181)
(95% CI), L	(0.126; 0.172)	(0.114; 0.160)	(0.008; 0.077)	(0.058; 0.129)

^aBaseline was defined as the mean of all evaluable 60- and 30-minute pre-dose values on Day 1 (Visit 4). ^bParticipants on ICS/LABA in the 30 days before screening and without exacerbation history in the previous 12 months
BFF, budesonide/formoterol fumarate dihydrate (via MDI); BGF, budesonide/glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate dihydrate; BUD/FORM, budesonide/formoterol fumarate dihydrate (via DPI); CI, confidence interval; DPI, dry-powder inhaler; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; GFF, glycopyrronium/formoterol fumarate dihydrate; ICS, inhaled corticosteroid; LABA, long-acting β₂-agonist; LAMA, long-acting muscarinic antagonist; LSM, least squares mean; MDI, metered-dose inhaler; SE, standard error; SD, standard deviation

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