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Table 1 Age-standardized summary exposure value of second hand smoke in 2021 and annualized rate of change in age-standardized prevalence from 1990–2021, 1990–2010, and 2010–2010 for males, females and both sexes

From: Second hand smoke attributable disease burden in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Country

SDI level

2021 ASP

2021 female ASP

2021 male ASP

ARC 1990–2021

ARC, female 1990–2021

ARC, male 1990–2021

ARC 1990–2000

ARC, female 1990–2000

ARC, male 1990–2000

ARC 2000–2010

ARC, female 2000–2010

ARC, male 2000–2010

ARC 2010–2021

ARC, female 2010–2021

ARC, male 2010–2021

Global

Middle

34.3 (32.3, 35.1)

38.0 (35.5, 39.0)

30.6 (28.9, 31.6)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.05 (−0.06, −0.05)

−0.07 (−0.08, −0.06)

−0.04 (−0.05, −0.02)

−0.10 (−0.11, −0.10)

−0.12 (−0.13, −0.11)

−0.09 (−0.11, −0.07)

−0.09 (−0.10, −0.08)

−0.12 (−0.13, −0.10)

−0.09 (−0.08, −0.03)

Afghanistan

Low

29.1 (26.2, 31.7)

29.6 (26.4, 32.5)

28.6 (25.4, 31.7)

0.3 (0.2, 0.4)

0.6 (0.4, 0.8)

0.1 (−0.1, 0.2)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0.2 (0.1, 0.2)

0.3 (0.2, 0.4)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

Albania

Middle

48.5 (44.5, 50.6)

57.6 (52.4, 60.3)

39.4 (36.3, 41.8)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

Algeria

Middle

44.7 (41.1, 47.5)

50.6 (46.2, 54.1)

38.9 (35.3, 42.2)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

American Samoa

High middle

41.7 (38.2, 45.5)

44.9 (40.7, 49.4)

38.6 (34.6, 42.9)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Andorra

High

35 (31.5, 37.9)

33.1 (29.2, 36)

36.8 (32.4, 40.8)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Angola

Low middle

17.6 (15.7, 19.1)

17.7 (15.6, 19.5)

17.3 (15.6, 19.3)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (−0.1, 0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Antigua and Barbuda

High middle

18.9 (16.9, 20.8)

17.5 (15.2, 19.8)

20.3 (17.9, 23.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.2)

0 (−0.2, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Argentina

High middle

37.4 (34.6, 40.6)

35.5 (31.9, 38.8)

39.4 (35.8, 43.5)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Armenia

Middle

55.1 (51.6, 57.2)

68.2 (63, 71)

40.8 (38, 43.3)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Australia

High

26.8 (24, 29.4)

22.2 (19.5, 24.9)

31.4 (27.7, 35.2)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

Austria

High

40.3 (37.4, 42.8)

38.7 (35.5, 41.6)

41.9 (38.1, 45.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Azerbaijan

Middle

52 (48.3, 54.7)

64.4 (59.1, 68)

39.3 (35.6, 42.8)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Bahamas

High middle

18.8 (16.9, 20.6)

17.4 (15.4, 19.5)

20.2 (17.6, 22.9)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.2, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Bahrain

High middle

35.9 (32.5, 38.8)

36.2 (32, 39.5)

36 (32.3, 39.6)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Bangladesh

Low middle

43.3 (40.2, 46.6)

50.3 (46.2, 54.6)

35.9 (32.8, 39)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Barbados

High middle

12.3 (11.1, 13.6)

12.3 (11, 13.8)

12.2 (10.6, 13.7)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Belarus

High middle

44 (40.2, 46.8)

50.9 (46.2, 54.4)

36.2 (33.1, 38.9)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Belgium

High

30.1 (27.4, 32.7)

25.9 (23.1, 28.5)

34.2 (30.5, 38.1)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

Belize

Low middle

20.3 (18.7, 22)

22.6 (20.6, 24.8)

17.9 (16.2, 19.6)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Benin

Low

12.2 (11, 13.5)

12.1 (10.8, 13.4)

12.2 (11, 13.7)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

Bermuda

High

22.2 (19.9, 24.3)

22.3 (19.7, 25)

22.1 (19, 24.9)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.2, 0.1)

0 (−0.2, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Bhutan

Low middle

23.2 (20.8, 25.8)

19.8 (17.7, 22.3)

26.2 (22.9, 29.9)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Bolivia (Plurinational State of)

Low middle

20.6 (18, 22.8)

21.7 (18.7, 24.3)

19.4 (16.6, 21.8)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

High middle

48.3 (44.8, 50.8)

49.7 (45.8, 53.1)

46.8 (43, 49.9)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Botswana

Middle

31.3 (28.3, 34.5)

31 (28, 34.4)

31.6 (27.8, 35.3)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Brazil

Middle

25.9 (24.1, 27.8)

21.8 (19.9, 23.7)

30.2 (27.2, 33.1)

−0.5 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.6 (−0.6, −0.5)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

Brunei Darussalam

High

29.7 (26.3, 32.3)

29.8 (26.2, 33.2)

29.6 (26, 33.3)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.5 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.2 (−0.3, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.3)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Bulgaria

High middle

44.7 (41.5, 47.5)

44.3 (40.3, 47.5)

45.1 (41.3, 48.7)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Burkina Faso

Low

22.3 (19.9, 24.2)

23.9 (21.2, 26.3)

20.4 (18, 23.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Burundi

Low

14.1 (12.1, 15.6)

13.9 (12, 15.5)

14.3 (12.3, 16.1)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.5 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Cabo Verde

Low middle

18.3 (16.2, 20.2)

17.6 (15.4, 19.7)

19.2 (16.7, 21.8)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Cambodia

Low middle

45.4 (41.3, 48.3)

54.8 (49.6, 58.7)

34.8 (31.7, 37.7)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0.2 (0.2, 0.3)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Cameroon

Low middle

15.4 (14.2, 16.8)

16.2 (14.7, 18)

14.6 (13.1, 16)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Canada

High

29.9 (27, 32.1)

27 (24.4, 29.5)

32.8 (29, 36)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Central African Republic

Low

16.4 (14.8, 18.2)

16.3 (14.5, 18.4)

16.4 (14.4, 18.7)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Chad

Low

17.8 (16.2, 19.5)

18.5 (16.7, 20.5)

17 (15, 19)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Chile

High middle

38.6 (35.4, 41.3)

36.4 (32.9, 39.5)

40.9 (37, 44.9)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

China

Middle

54.4 (51.2, 57)

67.6 (62.7, 70.8)

41.9 (38.5, 45.3)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Colombia

Middle

19.5 (17.7, 21)

18 (16.3, 19.7)

21.1 (18.6, 23.3)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Comoros

Low middle

28.3 (25.4, 30.9)

30.2 (26.8, 33.1)

26.3 (23.3, 29.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Congo

Low middle

20.3 (18.4, 22.5)

21.4 (19.1, 23.8)

19.2 (16.9, 21.3)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Cook Islands

High middle

36.4 (32.6, 39.9)

35 (31.3, 38.9)

37.7 (33.4, 42)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Costa Rica

Middle

21.1 (18.9, 23.2)

20.3 (18, 22.8)

21.9 (19.3, 24.4)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Cote d'Ivoire

Low

48.7 (44.7, 52.2)

48.2 (43.9, 52.2)

49.2 (44.5, 53.5)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Croatia

High middle

32.3 (29.5, 35)

33.8 (30.8, 36.7)

30.7 (27.4, 33.6)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

Cuba

Middle

46.9 (43, 49.7)

51 (46.4, 54.7)

42.6 (38.7, 46)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Cyprus

High

38.7 (35.4, 41.6)

36.7 (33.2, 40)

40.5 (36.5, 44.3)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Czechia

High

24.1 (21.7, 26.5)

24.7 (22.1, 27.4)

23.6 (20.8, 26.5)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0.2 (0.2, 0.3)

0.2 (0.2, 0.3)

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

Republic of Korea

Low middle

49.6 (45.3, 53.4)

59.9 (53.6, 65.1)

39.5 (35.6, 43.3)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Republic of the Congo

Low

19.1 (16.6, 21)

20.4 (17.7, 22.6)

17.9 (15.2, 20)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.3, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Denmark

High

27.9 (25, 30.1)

22.6 (20.2, 25)

33.1 (29.3, 36.4)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.5 (−0.6, −0.5)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Djibouti

Low middle

42.2 (38.1, 45.3)

50.8 (45.2, 55.3)

34.6 (31.4, 37.8)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Dominica

High middle

19.3 (17.5, 21.2)

18.6 (16.4, 20.9)

19.9 (17.3, 22.5)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Dominican Republic

Low middle

18 (16.3, 20)

17.6 (15.6, 19.6)

18.4 (16.3, 20.8)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

Ecuador

Middle

15.6 (13.6, 17.1)

14.9 (12.6, 16.6)

16.3 (13.8, 18.4)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Egypt

Middle

44.5 (40.4, 47.3)

50.8 (45.6, 54.3)

38.7 (34.9, 41.9)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

El Salvador

Low middle

18.3 (16.7, 20.3)

18.2 (16.2, 20.2)

18.5 (16.5, 20.7)

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

0.3 (0.1, 0.4)

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0.2 (0.1, 0.2)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Equatorial Guinea

Middle

34.5 (31, 37.4)

39.1 (34.2, 43)

30.1 (26.5, 33.3)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.2, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Eritrea

Low

18.7 (16.6, 21.2)

17.8 (15.5, 20.1)

19.7 (16.9, 22.7)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Estonia

High

32.1 (29.4, 34.7)

28.9 (26.1, 31.6)

35.4 (31.8, 39)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.3)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

Eswatini

Low middle

18.9 (16.4, 20.9)

18.2 (15.4, 20.3)

19.8 (17, 22.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Ethiopia

Low

13.1 (12, 14.1)

12.2 (11.1, 13.3)

14.1 (12.7, 15.3)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Fiji

Middle

33.9 (30.3, 36.4)

37.2 (33.2, 40.4)

30.6 (27.1, 33.5)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

Finland

High

24.6 (22.5, 26.6)

21 (18.6, 23.1)

28.1 (25.2, 31.1)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

France

High

35.4 (32.5, 38.2)

33.5 (30.4, 36.4)

37.3 (33.6, 40.9)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Gabon

Middle

24.3 (22.1, 26.8)

25.6 (22.6, 28.2)

23 (20.4, 25.7)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0 (−0.2, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Gambia

Low

27.6 (25, 30.4)

29.5 (26.4, 32.5)

25.7 (22.8, 28.6)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

Georgia

High middle

53.6 (49.4, 56.6)

64.7 (59, 68.2)

42 (38.7, 45.4)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0.2 (0.1, 0.2)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Germany

High

32.2 (29.1, 35.1)

29.3 (26.3, 32.6)

34.9 (30.7, 38.5)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Ghana

Low middle

12.3 (11, 13.6)

12.4 (11.2, 13.9)

12.1 (10.7, 13.6)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Greece

High middle

43 (39.5, 45.8)

41.6 (37.7, 45)

44.4 (40.7, 48)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Greenland

High middle

41.7 (37.7, 45.5)

44.6 (40.1, 49.3)

38.9 (35, 43.3)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Grenada

Middle

18.9 (17, 20.7)

18.4 (16.3, 20.6)

19.4 (16.7, 21.8)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Guam

High

33.4 (30.1, 36.6)

31 (27.6, 34.8)

35.7 (31.5, 39.6)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Guatemala

Low middle

19.8 (17.2, 21.5)

20.5 (17.8, 22.7)

19 (16.5, 20.9)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Guinea

Low

22.9 (20.8, 25.2)

23.7 (21.5, 26.1)

22 (19.8, 24.6)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Guinea−Bissau

Low

15.6 (13.8, 17.2)

15.7 (13.7, 17.4)

15.6 (13.5, 17.5)

0.2 (0.1, 0.4)

0.3 (0.2, 0.5)

0.2 (0, 0.4)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0.2 (0.1, 0.2)

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0.2 (0.1, 0.2)

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

Guyana

Middle

22 (20.2, 23.9)

23.9 (21.6, 26.2)

20.1 (18, 22)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Haiti

Low

13.3 (12.1, 14.5)

13.6 (12.1, 15.1)

13 (11.5, 14.5)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Honduras

Low middle

27.4 (24.8, 30.2)

29.8 (26.8, 33.2)

24.8 (22.2, 27.6)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Hungary

High middle

38.7 (35.4, 41.5)

36.5 (33, 39.9)

40.8 (36.8, 44.3)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

Iceland

High

27.2 (24.7, 29.4)

21.5 (19.1, 23.5)

32.7 (28.8, 36.2)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

India

Low middle

30.1 (27.9, 31.9)

30.8 (28.5, 33)

29.3 (26.5, 31.7)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Indonesia

Middle

48.4 (45.6, 50.3)

61.7 (57.9, 64.4)

35.3 (33, 37.7)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Iran (Islamic Republic of)

Middle

30.6 (28.7, 32.5)

34 (31.1, 36.3)

27.3 (24.7, 29.9)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Iraq

Middle

46.8 (43.3, 49.1)

53.9 (49.3, 56.8)

40.2 (36.9, 42.8)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Ireland

High

29.5 (27.2, 31.8)

26.1 (23.5, 28.4)

32.9 (29.8, 36.1)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

Israel

High middle

31.9 (28.9, 34.9)

29.6 (26.5, 32.7)

34.2 (30, 38)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Italy

High middle

35 (32.7, 37.1)

33.9 (31.1, 36.6)

36 (32.7, 39)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Jamaica

Middle

21.7 (19.6, 23.7)

22.2 (19.7, 24.7)

21.2 (18.7, 23.7)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Japan

High

31.3 (29.1, 33.4)

31.5 (28.5, 34.3)

31.1 (27.9, 34)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.5 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Jordan

High middle

49.2 (45.2, 52.1)

58.8 (53.1, 62.6)

41.2 (38, 43.9)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Kazakhstan

High middle

40.6 (36.8, 43.4)

45.5 (40.9, 49.3)

35.2 (32.1, 38.3)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Kenya

Low middle

18 (16.6, 19.3)

18.8 (17.1, 20.3)

17.3 (15.4, 19)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Kiribati

Low middle

63.4 (58.6, 68.3)

74.7 (68.3, 80.6)

51 (46, 55.3)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Kuwait

High

45 (41.9, 47.7)

52.5 (48.3, 56.1)

38.5 (34.9, 41.7)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Kyrgyzstan

Low middle

50.5 (47.3, 53.1)

61.6 (56.9, 64.5)

38.7 (35.4, 41.6)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0 (0, 0.1)

Lao People's Democratic Republic

Low middle

47.9 (44.1, 51.4)

58.4 (53.5, 63.4)

37.3 (34.8, 39.8)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Latvia

High

40.8 (37.5, 43.9)

43.9 (39.9, 47.9)

37.3 (33.6, 41)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Lebanon

High middle

50.3 (46, 53.5)

53.4 (48.8, 57.6)

47.1 (42.8, 50.9)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

0.1 (−0.1, 0.2)

0.2 (0.1, 0.2)

0.2 (0.2, 0.3)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Lesotho

Low middle

42 (37.7, 45.3)

49.5 (44.6, 53.8)

33.6 (30, 36.9)

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

0.3 (0.2, 0.4)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0.2 (0.1, 0.2)

0.2 (0.2, 0.3)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Liberia

Low

15.3 (13.5, 16.7)

15.4 (13.4, 17.1)

15.2 (13.2, 16.8)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Libya

High middle

53.7 (49, 56.8)

62.6 (57.1, 66.4)

45.3 (40.8, 49)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0.1, 0.1)

0.2 (0.1, 0.2)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Lithuania

High

33.9 (31.1, 37.1)

33.5 (30.2, 37.6)

34.1 (30.5, 37.7)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Luxembourg

High

32.9 (29.4, 35.4)

30.4 (27.2, 33.5)

35.3 (30.8, 38.9)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Madagascar

Low

22.5 (19.1, 24.9)

24.2 (20.5, 27)

20.7 (17.7, 23.1)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.5 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Malawi

Low

22 (20, 24.1)

23.2 (20.8, 25.7)

20.6 (18.6, 23.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Malaysia

High middle

42 (38.4, 45.5)

48.1 (43.2, 53)

36.3 (32.9, 40)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Maldives

Low middle

49.7 (45.9, 53.4)

61.5 (56.3, 66.6)

42.3 (39.1, 45.6)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Mali

Low

27.2 (24.7, 29.6)

29.4 (26.2, 32.6)

25 (22.5, 27.5)

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

0.1 (0, 0.3)

0.2 (0.1, 0.2)

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Malta

High middle

32.1 (29.2, 34.8)

29.3 (26.5, 32.3)

34.8 (30.6, 38.4)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Marshall Islands

Low middle

38.1 (34.5, 41.8)

42 (37.3, 46.4)

34.4 (30.9, 38.3)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Mauritania

Low middle

33.2 (30.5, 36.1)

35.3 (31.9, 38.3)

31 (27.7, 34.3)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Mauritius

High middle

45.2 (41.4, 49.3)

54 (49.5, 59.1)

36.3 (32.3, 40.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0 (0, 0.1)

Mexico

Middle

21.4 (19.6, 23)

20.5 (18.6, 22.3)

22.2 (19.9, 24.7)

−0.5 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.6 (−0.6, −0.5)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Micronesia (Federated States of)

Low middle

52 (47.5, 55.8)

60 (54.2, 64.6)

44.2 (39.7, 48)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Monaco

High

32.1 (28.9, 34.8)

29 (25.8, 32.1)

35.2 (31.1, 39)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Mongolia

Low middle

46.4 (43, 49.7)

57.9 (52.9, 62.7)

34.2 (31.5, 36.8)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0 (0, 0.1)

Montenegro

High middle

50.6 (46.8, 53.2)

49.3 (45.5, 52.2)

51.9 (47.3, 55.3)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Morocco

Low middle

35.5 (32.1, 38.4)

38.3 (34.5, 42.1)

32.7 (29.3, 36.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Mozambique

Low

21.3 (18.5, 23.2)

22.1 (19.2, 24.4)

20.4 (17.7, 22.4)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Myanmar

Low middle

37.8 (33.6, 40.8)

41.3 (36.7, 44.9)

34 (30.2, 37.1)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Namibia

Middle

30.3 (26.9, 33)

29.8 (26.3, 32.7)

30.8 (26.9, 34.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Nauru

Middle

48.2 (43.7, 52.1)

49.6 (44.6, 54)

46.9 (41.9, 51.4)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Nepal

Low

34.2 (31.5, 36.6)

33 (30.3, 35.6)

35.6 (32.4, 38.6)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Netherlands

High

27.8 (25.4, 30.3)

25.4 (22.4, 27.9)

30.2 (27, 33.5)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.3)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

New Zealand

High

29.2 (26.6, 31.5)

25.5 (22.6, 28.1)

32.7 (28.9, 36.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Nicaragua

Low middle

30.4 (27.4, 33.5)

33.6 (29.9, 37.4)

26.9 (23.6, 30.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Niger

Low

16 (14.4, 17.5)

16.2 (14.2, 17.9)

15.8 (13.8, 17.7)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, 0)

−0.2 (−0.3, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Nigeria

Low middle

10.3 (9.4, 11)

10 (9.1, 10.8)

10.6 (9.5, 11.7)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

Niue

High middle

32.9 (29.6, 36.5)

31 (27.1, 34.9)

34.7 (30.7, 38.8)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.2, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

North Macedonia

High middle

56.5 (52.1, 59.8)

59.5 (54.5, 63.4)

53.6 (49.3, 57.6)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Northern Mariana Islands

High middle

38.9 (35.4, 43.1)

41.8 (37.2, 46.5)

36.5 (32.7, 40.5)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Norway

High

27 (24.9, 28.9)

22.2 (20, 24.5)

31.6 (28.2, 34.7)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.5 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Oman

High middle

29 (25.7, 31.8)

27.1 (23.6, 30.4)

30.8 (27, 34.5)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Pakistan

Low

36.9 (34, 39.5)

35.2 (32.2, 38.1)

38.5 (35.5, 41.7)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Palau

High middle

31.3 (28.3, 34.5)

30.5 (27.2, 34.4)

32.4 (28.8, 36.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.2, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Palestine

Low middle

46.3 (42.6, 49)

54.9 (50.1, 58.1)

37.9 (34.5, 40.7)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Panama

Middle

15.2 (13.6, 16.9)

15.1 (13.5, 16.7)

15.3 (13.4, 17.4)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.5 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Papua New Guinea

Low

48.3 (44.5, 51.9)

56.2 (51.2, 61)

40.7 (37.2, 44.4)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Paraguay

Middle

28.1 (25.4, 30.8)

29.2 (26.1, 32.4)

26.9 (24.1, 30.1)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.3)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Peru

Middle

13 (11.4, 14.3)

12.1 (10.2, 13.5)

13.8 (11.8, 15.5)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.3)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

Philippines

Middle

40 (37, 41.7)

46 (42.4, 48.5)

34 (31.5, 36.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Poland

High middle

37.5 (35.3, 39.5)

35.5 (32.4, 38.2)

39.5 (36.2, 42.4)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Portugal

High middle

35.9 (32.9, 38.8)

35.7 (32.3, 39.1)

36 (32.5, 39.4)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Puerto Rico

High

15 (13.5, 16.5)

15.3 (13.4, 17)

14.7 (13, 16.7)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Qatar

High

35.2 (32, 37.6)

38.3 (34.5, 41.3)

34.4 (31.2, 37.4)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Republic of Korea

High

35.2 (32, 37.9)

39.2 (34.9, 43.2)

31.6 (28.2, 34.8)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Republic of Moldova

High middle

39 (36.4, 41.2)

45.4 (41.5, 48.4)

32.3 (29.6, 35.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Romania

High middle

41.3 (37.6, 44.5)

42.2 (38.2, 45.8)

40.4 (36.6, 44.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Russian Federation

High middle

40.4 (37.9, 42.6)

44.2 (40.9, 47)

36.1 (33.1, 39)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Rwanda

Low

20.3 (18.4, 22.4)

20.9 (18.8, 23.3)

19.6 (17.4, 22)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Saint Kitts and Nevis

High middle

17.2 (15.4, 18.9)

15.5 (13.5, 17.5)

18.9 (16.4, 21.7)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Saint Lucia

Middle

16.6 (15.1, 18.1)

17.2 (15.5, 19)

16 (14.2, 17.9)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Saint Vincent and the Grenadines

Middle

19.7 (17.8, 21.8)

19.8 (17.3, 22.4)

19.7 (17, 22.5)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Samoa

Middle

44.3 (40.1, 47.4)

49.2 (43.8, 53.1)

39.6 (35.5, 43.5)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

San Marino

High

29.9 (27.2, 32.3)

25.7 (22.8, 28.2)

34.1 (30.4, 37.8)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Sao Tome and Principe

Low middle

9 (8, 9.9)

8.3 (7.3, 9.2)

9.8 (8.6, 11.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.3, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Saudi Arabia

High middle

36 (32.6, 38.7)

36.8 (32.5, 40.4)

35.7 (31.6, 39.4)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0.1 (0, 0.3)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Senegal

Low

26.7 (23.8, 29.4)

26.7 (24.1, 29.4)

26.6 (23.3, 29.7)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.4)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

Serbia

High middle

48.6 (45.4, 51.7)

47.3 (43.9, 50.9)

49.7 (46.1, 53.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Seychelles

High middle

38.8 (35.2, 42.4)

43.6 (38.4, 48.1)

35 (31.4, 38.7)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Sierra Leone

Low

27.6 (24.5, 29.6)

29.2 (25.5, 31.6)

26 (23.3, 28)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

Singapore

High

26.4 (24.1, 28.8)

24.2 (21.1, 27.1)

28.5 (25.5, 31.8)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Slovakia

High

41 (37.7, 44.4)

40.8 (37, 44.9)

41 (36.9, 45)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Slovenia

High

41.7 (38.3, 44.6)

39.3 (35.1, 42.8)

44 (40, 47.7)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Solomon Islands

Low

49.1 (44.9, 53.5)

57.6 (51.9, 62.9)

40.8 (37.1, 45.2)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

Somalia

Low

22.2 (19.6, 24.6)

23 (20.1, 25.9)

21.2 (18.3, 24)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

South Africa

Middle

34 (31.5, 35.9)

35.1 (32.3, 37.4)

32.8 (30.1, 35.3)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

South Sudan

Low

21.1 (18.6, 23.2)

21.5 (18.5, 24.1)

20.6 (18.1, 22.9)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Spain

High middle

36.4 (33.3, 39.3)

33.3 (30.1, 36.4)

39.3 (35.8, 43.4)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

Sri Lanka

High middle

30.6 (27.1, 33.2)

33 (28.6, 36.5)

27.9 (24.5, 30.7)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.1 (−0.3, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Sudan

Low middle

30.7 (28.2, 32.6)

31.5 (28.9, 33.6)

29.9 (27.3, 32.3)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Suriname

Middle

30.4 (27.8, 33.1)

32.7 (29.5, 35.8)

28 (25.2, 31)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

Sweden

High

22.2 (20.4, 24.1)

17.9 (16, 19.6)

26.4 (23.5, 29.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Switzerland

High

30.2 (27.6, 32.7)

26.5 (23.8, 29)

33.8 (29.9, 37.5)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Syrian Arab Republic

Middle

43.3 (39.2, 46.7)

47.3 (42.1, 51.5)

38.2 (34.3, 42)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Taiwan (Province of China)

High

44.2 (40.3, 47.6)

50.6 (45.4, 55.1)

37.7 (33.9, 41.4)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Tajikistan

Low middle

28.1 (25.7, 29.8)

28.8 (26, 30.7)

27.4 (24.8, 29.7)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

Thailand

Middle

35.3 (32.8, 38.2)

40.9 (37.3, 44.9)

29.3 (27, 31.7)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Timor−Leste

Low middle

50.8 (46.6, 54.5)

65 (59.4, 70.4)

36.6 (33.7, 39.7)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Togo

Low

21.1 (18.7, 22.7)

21.2 (18.7, 23)

21 (18.3, 23.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Tokelau

Middle

38.9 (35.7, 42.5)

41.2 (37.3, 45.1)

36.7 (32.8, 40.8)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Tonga

Middle

44.5 (40.1, 48.6)

50.8 (45.6, 56.2)

37.7 (33.4, 41.9)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Trinidad and Tobago

High middle

28.1 (25.7, 30.6)

30.3 (27.3, 33.5)

26 (23.4, 28.5)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Tunisia

Middle

48.2 (44, 50.7)

57.7 (51.9, 61.3)

38.2 (34.9, 40.9)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Turkey

High middle

46.5 (42.5, 49.4)

50.6 (45.9, 54.7)

42.3 (38.2, 45.9)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Turkmenistan

Middle

36.3 (33.7, 38.2)

38.3 (35.5, 40.4)

34.6 (31.7, 37.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Tuvalu

Low middle

47.8 (43.4, 52.4)

55.6 (50, 61.5)

40.6 (36.5, 45)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Uganda

Low

14.6 (13.2, 15.8)

15.6 (14, 17.2)

13.5 (11.9, 14.9)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

0.1 (0.1, 0.2)

0.2 (0.1, 0.2)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

Ukraine

High middle

37 (34.3, 39.4)

39.1 (35.3, 42.6)

34.5 (31.6, 37.1)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

United Arab Emirates

High

37.8 (33.9, 40.9)

37.4 (33.6, 40.6)

38.5 (33.9, 42.6)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

United Kingdom

High

25.6 (23.7, 27.7)

21.5 (19.4, 23.8)

29.8 (26.8, 32.8)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

United Republic of Tanzania

Low

19.3 (17.3, 20.8)

19.2 (16.9, 21.1)

19.4 (17.1, 21.5)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.5, −0.4)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

United States of America

High

21.4 (20, 22.4)

20.1 (18.9, 21.4)

22.6 (20.8, 24.2)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.4 (−0.4, −0.4)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

United States Virgin Islands

High middle

18.4 (16.5, 20.2)

16.1 (14.1, 18.1)

20.7 (18.1, 23.6)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Uruguay

High middle

34.6 (31.6, 37.1)

33.5 (30.1, 36.2)

35.7 (32.5, 38.9)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Uzbekistan

Middle

33.2 (30.1, 36.3)

35.8 (31.7, 39.5)

30.5 (27.2, 33.8)

0.2 (0.1, 0.3)

0.3 (0.2, 0.5)

0.2 (0, 0.3)

0.2 (0.2, 0.3)

0.3 (0.2, 0.4)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Vanuatu

Low middle

27.3 (24.8, 29.4)

29.4 (26.1, 32.2)

25.1 (22.3, 27.6)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)

Low middle

26.8 (24.2, 29.3)

25.2 (22.1, 27.8)

28.5 (25.3, 32)

−0.3 (−0.3, −0.2)

−0.3 (−0.4, −0.3)

−0.2 (−0.3, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

Viet Nam

Middle

46.7 (42.8, 50.5)

56.5 (51, 61.6)

36.6 (33.2, 39.7)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0.1 (0, 0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.2)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Yemen

Low

43.3 (39.8, 45.8)

46.7 (42.6, 49.8)

39.8 (36.2, 42.8)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

Zambia

Low middle

24.2 (20.2, 26.7)

25.6 (21.2, 28.8)

22.9 (18.9, 25.5)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.2 (−0.2, −0.1)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

Zimbabwe

Low middle

29.3 (26.3, 32.2)

32.1 (28.5, 35.6)

25.9 (23.2, 28.7)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.2, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

0 (−0.1, 0)

−0.1 (−0.1, 0)

0 (0, 0)

0 (0, 0.1)

0 (−0.1, 0)

  1. * ASP age-standardized prevalence, ARC annualized rate of change