Table 1 Classification of common biomarkers for PH
From: Advances and applications of biosensors in pulmonary hypertension
Classification | Biomarker | Function |
|---|---|---|
Gene | BMPR2, ATP13A3, EIF2AK4, KCNK3, ENG, KCNK3, KDR | Early diagnosis |
Myocardial Stress Markers | BNP, NT-proBNP, ANP, TnT, TnI | Early diagnosis, disease progression, and prognostic prediction |
Inflammatory Markers | TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL, CRP | Disease progression, and prognostic prediction |
Markers of Vascular Dysfunction | ET-1, NO, Metabolites of NO | Disease progression, and prognostic prediction |
Coagulation and Platelet Activation Markers | vWF, D-dimer | Disease progression, and prognostic prediction |
Markers of Tissue Hypoxia and Cellular Injury | PaCO2, UA, BUN, CysC | Disease progression, and prognostic prediction |