Fig. 5

DHC modulates pulmonary fibrosis by targeting ER stress. A The expression of the ER stress indicators in different groups of mice lung tissue, tested by Western blot. Each group comprised 6 mice. B Levels of fibrotic markers and ER stress indicators in HPFs treated with TGF-β1 and DHC (10 µM) for 24 h, tested by Western blot. Each group includes 3 replicates. C Levels of fibrotic markers and ER stress indicators in HPFs treated with TG (5 nM), TGF-β1 and DHC (10 µM) for 24 h, tested by Western blot. Each group includes 4 replicates. D The detection results of ROS levels in HPFs treated with recombinant TGF-β1 and DHC (10 µM) for 24 h, where the fluorescence intensity represents the relative level of ROS in the cells. The original images were captured under a 200 × microscope. E The ROS levels in HPFs were quantitatively detected by measuring the fluorescence intensity of DCFH-DA. Each group included 3 replicates and was normalized by the intensity of the control group. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001