Fig. 5

LPS activated the BMP/Smad1/5/Smad1/4 signaling pathway. (A and C) Protein and mRNA expression levels of BMP, Smad1, Smad5, Smad4, Snail, and pSmad1/5. (B) The BMP inhibitor LDN-212,854 was used to confirm the relationship between LPS and the BMP signaling pathway. Western blotting was used to detect the protein expression levels of Smad1, Smad5, and Smad4. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three repeats. *P < 0.05. HLMEC, Human lung microvascular endothelial cell; MFGE8, Milk Fat Globule Epidermal Growth Factor 8; LPS, lipopolysaccharide; rh, recombinant human; siRNA, small interfering RNA