| ESMD < LLN | ESMA < LLN |
---|
Unadjusted | Adjusted | Unadjusted | Adjusted |
---|
FEV1, +1 L | 0.69 (0.44–1.06) | 0.52 (0.31–0.91) * | 0.31 (0.18–0.54) ** | 0.43 (0.22–0.84) * |
Wall area, + 1 mm2 | 1.08 (1.02–1.15) * | 1.07 (1.00-1.15) | 1.02 (0.96–1.09) | 1.04 (0.95–1.13) |
LAV%, + 10% | 0.98 (0.78–1.23) | 1.25 (0.93–1.67) | 1.57 (1.23–2.01) ** | 1.02 (0.72–1.46) |
SAD%, + 10% | 1.13 (0.89–1.45) | 1.29 (0.98–1.70) | 1.48 (1.12–1.95) ** | 1.14 (0.80–1.62) |
TAC, + 10 | 1.01 (0.97–1.05) | 1.00 (0.96–1.04) | 0.95 (0.91-1.00) * | 0.95 (0.90-1.00) * |
- Univariable and multivariable logistic regression models were constructed to obtain the unadjusted and adjusted odds ratio, respectively. The multivariable models included age, sex, height, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, pack-years, institutes, and comorbidities (hypertension, diabetes, and heart disease) as covariates. ESMA, cross-sectional erector spinae muscle area; ESMD, erector spinae muscle density; FEV1, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; LAV, low Attenuation volume; LLN, lower limits of normal; SAD, small airway dysfunction; TAC, total airway count. * indicates p < 0.05, ** indicates p < 0.01