Fig. 5

Correlation between gut pathogen abundance and ARG profiles. (A) Multivariate Procrustes analysis comparing the gut pathogen composition with ARG type profiles of the participants. Shorter lines between an ARG eigenvalue (triangle) and its corresponding pathogen eigenvalue (round) indicate minor discordance between datasets for that sample. Significant correlations (p < 0.001, 9999 permutations) were detected. (B) Heatmap illustrating Spearman correlation analysis, representing statistically significant correlations between gut pathogens and ARG types. Blue squares indicate significant positive correlations (r > 0.5, p < 0.05), while orange squares indicate significant negative correlations (r < − 0.5, p < 0.05). * p < 0.05. ** p < 0.01. *** p < 0.001