Skip to main content

Table 2 Immunoglobulin dosage, and presence of autoantibodies

From: Persistence of dysfunctional immune response 12 months after SARS-CoV-2 infection and their relationship with pulmonary sequelae and long COVID

 

Rec (n = 31)

PS (n = 51)

PS vs Rec

p-val

LC (n = 31)

LC vs Rec

p-val

PS vs LC

p-val

Immunoglobulin subtypes

 

 IgA (g/l)

2.38 [1.77;2.92]

2.11 [1.63;2.89]

0.586

1.85 [1.46;2.45]

0.092

0.229

 IgG (g/l)

10.0 [8.30;11.5]

10.3 [9.00;12.7]

0.317

11.2 [9.25;12.6]

0.084

0.397

 IgM (g/l)

0.96 [0.54;1.14]

0.89 [0.68;1.39]

0.456

1.08 [0.92;1.57]

0.032

0.182

 IgG/IgM Ratio

11.0 [8.91;16.2]

11.6 [7.15;17.8]

0.800

10.4 [6.72;13.1]

0.257

0.393

 IgG/IgA Ratio

4.68 [3.30;5.95]

4.71 [3.64;6.72]

0.371

6.51 [4.53;7.32]

0.013

0.062

 IgM/IgA Ratio

0.48 [0.26;0.63]

0.40 [0.27;0.88]

0.506

0.63 [0.43;0.76]

0.012

0.196

ANAs in IF patterns (n and % of positive patients)

 

 Homogeneous (AC-1)

0

6 (11.8%)

0.122

3 (9.7%)

0.126

1

 Fine speckled (AC-4)

1 (3.2%)

3 (5.8%)

0.989

3 (9.7%)

0.317

0.84

 Large speckled (AC-5)

0

2 (3.9%)

0.705

3 (9.7%)

0.106

0.56

 Multiple (AC-6)

0

3 (5.8%)

0.442

0

NA

0.44

 Nucleolar (AC-8-9-10)

0

3 (5.8%)

0.442

2 (6.4%)

0.294

1

 Punctate (AC-10)

0

0

NA

2 (6.4%)

0.272

0.27

 Total anti-nuclear

1 (3.2%)

12 (23.5%)

0.033

7 (22.6%)

0.058

0.91

ANCAs in IF patterns (n and % of positive patients)

 

 Filamentous (AC-16)

0

0

NA

1 (3.2%)

0.8

0.8

 Fine speckled (AC-20)

0

1 (2%)

1

0

NA

NA

 AMA (AC-21)

0

1 (2%)

1

0

NA

1

 Fine nailing

0

0

NA

1 (3.2%)

0.8

1

 Total anti-cytoplasmic

0

2 (4%)

0.705

1 (3.2%)

1

1

Autoantibodies related with autoimmmune diseases (n and % of positive patients)

 

 Anti-CPG antibodies

1 (3.2%)

5 (9.8%)

 

1 (3.2%)

1

0.2

 Anti-DFS70

6 (19.4%)

14 (27.5%)

0.574

4 (12.9%)

0.730

1

 Anti-Ro60

2 (6.45%)

1 (1.96%)

0.657

1 (3.23%)

1.000

1

 Anti-SSB

0

1 (1.96%)

1.000

0

NA

1

 Anti-U1-RNP

5 (16.1%)

2 (3.92%)

0.131

2 (6.45%)

0.422

0.7

 Anti-Scl70

0

2 (3.92%)

0.705

0

NA

1

 Anti-CENP-B

0

2 (3.92%)

0.705

2 (6.45%)

0.472

0.66

 Total anti-protein

10 (32.2%)

19 (31.4%)

0.825

10 (32.2%)

1.000

1

 Total autoreactivities

12 (38.7%)

28 (55%)

0.232

14 (45.2%)

0.797

0.55

  1. For immunoglobulin subtypes, results are expressed as median, 95% interquartile range, and compared to Rec with Mann–Whitney. For autoantibodies, the n and percentage of positive patients is presented, and were compared to Rec with a Chi-square. AC means Anti-Cell and is used by the International Consensus on ANA Patterns (ICAP) coding of HEp-2 IF patterns
  2. Statistically significant comparisons (p < 0.05) are highlighted in bold