Fig. 7

Integration of BALF Proteomics and Plasma Proteomics in AECOPD with P. aeruginosa Infection. (A) Venn diagram showing the overlap between DEPs from BALF proteomics and DEPs from plasma proteomics, identifying 7 common targets. (B) STRING network analysis of the 15 common targets, illustrating their interactions and highlighting key proteins. (C-F) Functional enrichment analyses: (C, D) Biological processes highlighting immune responses, neutrophil-mediated killing of bacterium, defense response to Gram-negative bacterium and oxidative stress pathways (E) Cellular components involved in immune functions and antimicrobial activities, and (F) Molecular functions indicating roles in extracellular matrix degradation and immune modulation. KEGG pathway analysis further emphasizes neutrophil-related pathways, including neutrophil extracellular trap formation, crucial for understanding the immune response in AECOPD with P. aeruginosa infection