Fig. 4

Integrative Analysis of Differentially Expressed Proteins and Co-expression Modules in AECOPD with P. aeruginosa infection. (A) Venn diagram showing the overlap between differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) and WGCNA modules. (B) Heatmap illustrating expression patterns of common proteins across control and COPD P.A. groups. (C) Boxplots of selected DEPs, confirming significant differential expression. (D) Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analyses: Biological processes, Cellular components, and Molecular functions and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. (E) Circular plots mapping protein interactions and associated GO terms. *, P < 0.05. **, P < 0.01.***, P < 0.001