Table 1 Baseline patients’ characteristics
Characteristic | Baseline, n (%) or median [IQR], or mean ± SD |
|---|---|
Demographics | |
Female/ Male sex | 68 (45.3) /82 (54.7) |
Age, years | 68 [52–76] |
BMI, kg/m2 | 28.7 [25.8–32.6] |
Co-morbidities | |
Arterial hypertension | 74 (49.3) |
Congestive heart failure | 4 (2.7) |
Diabetes mellitus | 34 (22.6) |
Concomitant deep vein thrombosis Proximal Distal | 100 (66.7) 74 (49.3) 26 (17.3) |
Coronary artery disease | 8 (5.3) |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 8 (5.3) |
Cerebrovascular accident Ischemic stroke Hemorrhagic stroke | 14 (9.3) 11 (11.7) 3 (2) |
COVID-19 | 2 (1.3) |
Chronic kidney disease | 19 (12.7) |
Charlson Comorbidity Index | 3 [1–4] |
Risk factors for PE | |
Obesity, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 Overweight, 25 ≥ BMI < 30 kg/m2 | 56 (37.3) 57 (38) |
Malignancy | 27 (18) |
Surgery within last two weeks | 26 (17.3) |
Polytrauma | 3 (2) |
Immobilization | 19 (12.7) |
Thrombophilia | 13 (8.7) |
History of PE | 30 (20) |
Oral contraceptive | 6 (4) |
PE clinical presentation | |
Syncope | 21 (14) |
Dyspnea at rest | 144 (96) |
Chest pain | 15 (10) |
Cardiac arrest | 3 (2) |
Hemoptysis | 3 (2) |
Symptoms duration, days | 3 [1–4] |
PE severity | |
Intermediate-high risk | 108 (72) |
High risk | 42 (28) |
PESI score, points | 111.5 [96.5–131] |
PESI class | |
PESI class | |
I-II | 14 (9.3) |
III | 29 (19.3) |
IV | 35 (23.3) |
V | 30 (20) |
Normotensive shock, CI < 2.2 L/min/m2 | 49 (32.6) |
Vasopressor support at presentation | 36 (24) |
Obstructive shock on arrival refractory to catecholamine support | 6 (4) |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 121 ± 23.2 |
Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg | 75.6 ± 9.7 |
Tachycardia on arrival | 126 (84) |
Heart rate, bpm | 110 [97–120] |
Tachypnoe on arrival | 69 (46) |
Respiratory rate, pm | 26 [22–30] |
Oxygen supplementation (to keep SaO2 > 90%) | 138 (92) |
Arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation, | 90.3 [88–95] |
Arterial pO2, | 62.7 [55.8–80.8] |
FiO2 | 0.4 [0.32-1.0] |
Oxygenation index (pO2/FiO2) | 178.2 ± 82.3 |
Biomarkers | |
hs Troponin I level, ng/ml (normal value < 0.005 ng/ml) | 0.24 [0.07–0.65] |
NT-proBNP level, pg/ml (normal value < 125 pg/ml) | 3922 [1229–7623] |
Lactate level, mmol/l (normal value < 2.2 mmo/l) | 2.5 [2.0-3.3] |
RV dysfunction | |
RV/LV ratio, mm/mm (CTPA) | 1.4 [1.2–1.6] |
RV/LV ratio, mm/mm (echo) | 1.3 [1.18–1.47] |
RV/LV ratio, mm/mm (composite) | 1.4 [1.2–1.6] |
TAPSE, mm | 14 [11–16] |
TAPSE/sPAP, mm/mmHg | 0.28 [0.22–0.34] |
S’ wave, cm/s | 11 [9–13] |
mRAP, mmHg | 8.5 [5–11] |
sPAP, mmHg | 51.1 ± 14.2 |
Cardiac Output, L/min (echo) | 4.8 [3.8–5.4] |
Cardiac Output, L/min (Fick) | 4.5 [3.7–5.4] |
Failed therapy prior CDMT | |
Systemic thrombolysis | 6 (4) |
Anticoagulation | 103 (68.7) |
Clinical deterioration during therapy | 71 (47.3) |
Lack of improvement | 32 (21.3) |
Absolute contraindication to thrombolysis | 50 (33.3) |
Absolute contraindication to therapeutic anticoagulation | 6 (4) |
Acute phase of hemorrhagic stroke | 3 (2) |
Active gastrointestinal bleeding | 2 (1.3) |
Active massive urinary tract bleeding | 1 (0.7) |