Fig. 1

Overall design of the study and diagnostic performance of mNGS test. A Flowchart of patients and samples classification. All enrolled samples were analyzed using Q-mNGS 2.0 and the classification of which was based on clinical diagnoses. All samples were used for analyzing the performance of mNGS, while only BALF samples were further included for microbiota and CNV analyses. Non non-tumor and non-infection samples, LC lung cancer, LY lymphadenoma, MC metastasis cancer, NSCLC non-small-cell lung cancer, SCLC small-cell lung cancer, SCC squamous cell carcinoma, ADC adenocarcinoma, L early stages of cancer, including Phase I, II and IIIa, H late stages of cancer, including Phase IIIb, IIIc and IV. (B) (D) The performance of onco-mNGS in diagnosing cancers based on CNV signals compared with clinical diagnosis. (C) (E) The performance of onco-mNGS in diagnosing infection compared with clinical diagnosis. (B) (C)included all kinds of samples and (D) (E) contains only BALF samples. If the pathogenic microorganisms identified in the Onco-mNGS report completely matched those clinically confirmed as responsible pathogens, it was considered a concordant result. Otherwise, the Onco-mNGS result was regarded as negative. (F) Flowchart showing the statistical result of actual detection duration