Fig. 7

ECSN6 attenuates RV-A1-induced expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Mice were infected with sham or RV-A1 and treated with placebo or 40% ECSN6 twice day at 10 h interval for up to 60 h starting from 1 h after RV-A1 infection. Mice were euthanized after 24–72 h post-infection and total RNA from sinunasal TRIZOL lysates was isolated and subjected RT-qPCR using gene-specific Taqman assays. The mRNA expression was normalized to β-actin. Data represent median with range from 3 experiments with a total of 6 mice per group (n = 6). ANOVA on ranks with Tukey post-hoc analysis. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; ns = non-significant. ANOVA on ranks with Tukey post-hoc analysis showed no difference between groups of Muc5B expression at 24 h and 72 h post-infection and Muc5ac expression at 72 h post-infection