Fig. 5

ECSN6 prevents RV-A1-induced reduction in CBF. Mucociliary-differentiated airway epithelial cultures were infected apically with RV-A1 or sham and treated with placebo or 20% ECSN6 every 12 h starting from 2 h post-RV infection. (A) At 24 h post-infection, the cultures were subjected to high-speed microscopy and CBF was analyzed by Ciliarmove. Data represent mean ± SEM calculated from cells obtained from 3 donors with duplicates or triplicates (n = 6–8). ANOVA with Student-Newman-Keuls post-hoc analysis was conducted to determine the statistical significance. * p < 0.05; ** p < 0.01; *** p < 0.001; ns = non-significant. (B) Cell cultures were fixed in paraformaldehyde, blocked with 1% BSA and incubated with antibody to acetylated α-tubulin. The bound antibody was detected by Alexa Fluor 488-labeled anti-mouse IgG. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI and imaged using confocal microscopy. Representative images of cell cultures at 24 h post-RV-A1 infection. Yellow arrows in RV-A1-infected placebo-treated culture represent clumping of cilia