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Table 1 Baseline characteristics for individuals receiving (indwelling pleural catheters) IPCs or pleurodesis (unweighted)

From: Mortality after treatment of malignant pleural effusions with indwelling pleural catheters versus chemical pleurodesis: a population-based study

Characteristics, n (%)

IPC

(N = 4790)

Pleurodesis

(N = 1407)

p-value

Patient characteristics

   

Age in years, mean (SD) §

69.1 (12.9)

68.9 (11.7)

0.5732

Female§

2722 (56.8)

681 (48.4)

< 0.0001

Rural§

539 (11.3)

264 (18.8)

< 0.0001

Neighbourhood income quintile§

  

0.2787

1 (lowest)

991 (20.7)

297 (21.2)

 

2

998 (20.9)

309 (22)

 

3

997 (20.9)

273 (19.4)

 

4

862 (18)

276 (19.7)

 

5 (highest)

931 (19.5)

249 (17.7)

 

Number of thoracentesis in 12 months prior to index date§

  

< 0.0001

0

1872 (39.1)

799 (56.8)

 

1

1585 (33.1)

357 (25.4)

 

2

779 (16.3)

143 (10.2)

 

≥ 3

554 (11.6)

108 (7.7)

 

Chest tube insertion in preceding 12 months†

916 (19.1)

362 (25.7)

< 0.0001

Inpatient for index procedure

1852 (38.7)

1397 (99.3)

< 0.0001

Days in hospital prior to index procedure, median (IQR) [n = 3249]

4 (1–9)

2 (0–6)

< 0.0001

Cancer type§

  

< 0.0001

Lung

1889 (39.4)

641 (45.6)

 

Breast

751 (15.7)

159 (11.3)

 

Mesothelioma

178 (3.7)

153 (10.9)

 

Other

1972 (41.2)

454 (32.3)

 

Days from cancer diagnosis to index procedure, median (IQR) §

243.5 (33–903)

81 (10–737)

< 0.0001

COPD§

749 (15.6)

306 (21.8)

< 0.0001

CHF§

679 (14.2)

219 (15.6)

0.1964

Renal failure§

207 (4.3)

39 (2.8)

0.0082

Frailty§

762 (15.9)

180 (12.8)

0.0041

Aggregated diagnosis groups§

  

0.3350

Low comorbidity (0–5)

106 (2.2)

28 (2)

 

Moderate comorbidity (6–9)

1124 (23.5)

306 (21.8)

 

High comorbidity (≥ 10)

3560 (74.3)

1073 (76.3)

 

Physician specialty§

  

< 0.0001

Pulmonology

3073 (64.2)

56 (4.2)

 

Thoracic surgery

832 (17.4)

979 (74)

 

General surgery

125 (2.6)

218 (16.5)

 

Diagnostic radiology

437 (9.1)

19 (1.4)

 

Other

323 (6.7)

51 (3.9)

 

Hospital characteristics

   

Hospital type§

  

< 0.0001

Teaching

2889 (65.1)

796 (56.6)

 

Community and small

1551 (34.9)

611 (43.4)

 

Annual volume of IPCs, median (IQR)‡ §

62 (23–114)

7 (1–14)

< 0.0001

Annual volume of pleurodesis, median (IQR)‡ §

0 (0–6)

51 (22–100)

< 0.0001

Annual volume of IPCs‡, categorized

  

< 0.0001

Low (0-49.99)

1677 (37.8)

1276 (90.7)

 

High (≥ 50)

2765 (62.3)

131 (9.3)

 

Annual volume of pleurodesis‡, categorized

  

< 0.0001

Low (0-49.99)

4369 (98.4)

684 (48.6)

 

High (≥ 50)

73 (1.6)

723 (51.4)

 
  1. Results are numbers (column percentages) unless otherwise specified. Estimates may not always sum up to 100% due to missing values. The percentage of missing values ranged between 0.2% for rural status to 5.7% for hospital type
  2. Abbreviations: IPC, indwelling pleural catheter; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; COPD, chronic obstructive lung disease; CHF, congestive heart failure
  3. *Based on outpatient visit or hospital admission diagnostic code
  4. †Excluding 3 days prior to index date
  5. ‡Number of procedures performed in the calendar year of the index procedure at the institution where the index procedure was performed
  6. §Variables included in IPTW (inverse probability of treatment weighting) analysis (thoracentesis was included as a yes/no variable if had been performed within preceding 12 months)
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Respiratory Research

ISSN: 1465-993X

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