Fig. 6

Single-cell RNA sequencing identifies strongest induction of antiviral host responses in CD4, CD8 + T, NK cells, mast cells, and macrophages. Single cell transcriptomes were determined in pooled single cell suspensions derived from HLTEs from one donor with emphysema due to COPD 24 h after IAV infection or mock infection. A Identification of 11 cell subpopulations by uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP). B CD69 mRNA expression (see Figure S7 for CD103 expression). C Volcano plots identifying DE genes in the major immune cell types and vascular ECs. The dotted lines identify cutoffs FC =|2| (i.e. log₂ =|1|) and p-Adj 0.1 (i.e. − log₁₀ = 1). DE in the other cell types is shown in Figure S9