Risk of incident chronic obstructive pulmonary disease during longitudinal follow-up in patients with nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease

Table 3 Association between NTM-PD and COPD development

	n	Incident cases of COPD (n [%])	Unadjusted HR (95% CI)	Adjusted HR^* (95% CI)
Before matching
Control cohort	90,088	2,031 (2.3)	Reference	Reference
NTM-PD cohort	1,715	241 (14.0)	5.46 (4.78–6.24)	1.81 (1.54–2.13)
After matching
Matched control cohort	6,860	293 (4.3)	Reference	Reference
NTM-PD cohort	1,715	241 (14.0)	3.02 (2.54–3.58)	2.57 (2.15–3.09)
Sex
Male
Matched control cohort	2,560	209 (8.2)	Reference	Reference
NTM-PD cohort	735	120 (16.3)	1.84 (1.47–2.30)	1.56 (1.23–1.97)
Female
Matched control cohort	4,300	84 (2.0)	Reference	Reference
NTM-PD cohort	980	121 (12.3)	5.75 (4.36–7.61)	5.44 (4.11–7.23)
Age
< 60 years
Matched control cohort	3,111	48 (1.5)	Reference	Reference
NTM-PD cohort	686	80 (11.7)	7.18 (5.02–10.26)	6.94 (4.84–9.94)
≥ 60 years
Matched control cohort	3,749	245 (6.5)	Reference	Reference
NTM-PD cohort	1,029	161 (15.6)	2.17 (1.78–2.65)	2.01 (1.63–2.47)

^*Adjusted for age, sex, BMI, smoking status, and comorbidities (tuberculosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease)
Abbreviations: NTM-PD, nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; BMI, body mass index

ISSN: 1465-993X