Table 2 WHO recommended the following population-level and pharmacological interventions to ensure access to comprehensive cessation support [131, 132]

Brief advice: advice on how to stop using tobacco, usually taking only a few minutes, and given to all tobacco users during a routine consultation or interaction with a healthcare professional.

Toll-free quit lines: a telephone counselling service that provides proactive and reactive telephone counselling.

Pharmacological interventions: nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, varenicline and cytisine should be considered for all tobacco users who want to quit.

mCessation and chatbots: a two-way messaging system based on the mCessation content library guides tobacco users through a six-month text-message quit support programme. The WHO has also developed chatbots in partnership with social media such as WhatsApp, WeChat, and Viber to give tobacco users the best advice on how to quit smoking.

WHO Quit Tobacco mobile application: The mobile phone app targets all forms of tobacco, including smokeless tobacco and other newer forms of tobacco products, and helps users identify triggers, set targets, manage cravings, and stay focused on quitting tobacco smoking.