Fig. 8

A schematic illustration of the advantageous function of 1,25(OH)2D3 in enhancing epithelial defense against PM-induced mitochondrial ROS damages. Supplementation with 1,25(OH)2D3 ameliorates PM-induced mitochondrial malfunctions, calcium dyshomeostasis and inflammation by regulating mitochondrial ROS homeostasis through enhancing antioxidant responses in BEAS-2B cells. PM-induced detrimental impacts on mitochondria were shown in red-color texts or arrows. The beneficial regulation of 1,25(OH)2D3 were shown in blue-color texts or arrows