Fig. 4

Comparisons were made regarding the relative proportions of bacterial phyla and families between the healthy and inpatient groups. Specifically, panels (A) and (B) illustrate the comparisons of major bacterial phylum abundance, while panels (C) and (D) depict the comparisons of major bacterial family abundance between the healthy and inpatient groups. Significance was determined by ANOVA and by Wilcoxon rank-sum test, and P values were corrected using the Bonferroni method