Table 3 Clinical features for the patient groups “necessity of chest tube insertion” and “no necessity of chest tube insertion”
Clinical and puncture feature | No necessity of chest tube (n = 125) | Necessity of chest tube (n = 55) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender (female) | 44 | 15 | 0.28 |
Age (yrs) | 66.94 ± 11.64 | 69.00 ± 9.10 | 0.43 |
Diabetes mellitus | 28 | 14 | 0.68 |
Arterial hypertension | 58 | 29 | 0.46 |
Prior known malignant disease | 67 | 27 | 0.61 |
History of smoking (available in n = 179) | 106 (85.5%) | 45 (81.8%) | 0.54 |
Pack years (available in n = 93) | 22.60 ± 19.47 | 23.86 ± 22.59 | 0.99 |
COPD | 22 | 20 | 0.01 |
GOLD stadium | 0.90 ± 1.20 | 0.86 ± 1.09 | 0.98 |
Lung function testing(available in n = 123) | |||
FVC_L | 2.62 ± 0.98 | 2.96 ± 0.79 | 0.02 |
FVC in % | 78.47 ± 20.24 | 87.32 ± 20.28 | 0.02 |
FEV1_L | 1.96 ± 0.73 | 2.17 ± 0.74 | 0.16 |
FEV1 in % | 74.48 ± 22.49 | 81.57 ± 26.87 | 0.16 |
FEV1/FVC | 75.65 ± 13.23 | 73.22 ± 13.35 | 0.45 |
Rtot in % | 138.78 ± 97.21 | 105.75 ± 70.01 | 0.09 |
TLC in % | 102.95 ± 19.08 | 105.86 ± 17.79 | 0.49 |
RV in % | 138.41 ± 45.18 | 139.75 ± 38.85 | 0.61 |
RV/TLC in % | 53.56 ± 12.31 | 49.41 ± 8.76 | 0.09 |
DLCO_SB in % | 55.64 ± 21.81 | 58.95 ± 20.93 | 0.48 |
DLCO_VA in % | 70.37 ± 23.13 | 70.33 ± 23.12 | 0.78 |
Blood gas analysis(available in n = 111) | |||
pO2 in mmHg | 71.50 ± 11.70 | 74.01 ± 13.69 | 0.70 |
SaO2in % | 94.18 ± 3.31 | 94.59 ± 2.60 | 0.73 |
pCO2in mmHg | 35.90 ± 4.60 | 35.70 ± 4.08 | 0.84 |
AaDO2in mmHg | 29.75 ± 10.68 | 30.83 ± 12.01 | 0.54 |
pH | 7.44 ± 0.03 | 7.45 ± 0.03 | 0.55 |
Imaging features | |||
Total emphysema score %LAA-950 | 13.77 ± 10.82 | 12.90 ± 11.79 | 0.66 |
Low attenuation volume of biopsied lobe (<-950 HU) | 191.60 ± 125.99 | 187.41 ± 136.32 | 0.83 |
Total volume of biopsied lobe | 923.26 ± 406.04 | 967.50 ± 438.55 | 0.55 |
Low attenuation volume ratio in % | 19.95 ± 8.39 | 18.14 ± 9.12 | 0.30 |
_MinNorm | 55.17 ± 51.88 | 74.50 ± 55.16 | 0.03 |
Variance* | 1783.12 (1399.96) | 1559.98 (1556.57) | 0.04 |
Perc,01% | 65.92 ± 34.59 | 79.63 ± 38.98 | 0.01 |
S(1,0)Contrast* | 30.07 (17.76) | 35.29 (24.68) | 0.04 |
S(1,0)Correlat | 0.82 ± 0.08 | 0.76 ± 0.15 | 0.03 |
S(1,0)InvDfMom | 0.27 ± 0.07 | 0.24 ± 0.07 | 0.05 |
S(1,0)DifEntrp* | 1.04 (0.13) | 1.07 (0.15) | 0.04 |
S(1,-1)Contrast* | 57.09 (33.63) | 67.65 (35.77) | 0.03 |
S(1,-1)Correlat | 0.64 ± 0.15 | 0.56 ± 0.21 | 0.02 |
S(1,-1)DifEntrp* | 1.17 (0.14) | 1.21 (0.14) | 0.02 |
S(4,4)Correlat | 0.14 ± 0.17 | 0.09 ± 0.16 | 0.03 |
Horzl_ShrtREmp | 0.92 ± 0.03 | 0.93 ± 0.03 | 0.05 |
45dgr_LngREmph* | 1.23 (0.20) | 1.19 (0.17) | 0.04 |
45dgr_ShrtREmp | 0.94 ± 0.03 | 0.95 ± 0.02 | 0.04 |
45dgr_Fraction | 0.92 ± 0.04 | 0.93 ± 0.03 | 0.05 |
Teta1 | 0.81 ± 0.08 | 1.4 ± 0.11 | 0.04 |
WavEnHL_s-1* | 107.17 (61.38) | 116.29 (96.88) | 0.03 |
WavEnHH_s-2* | 54.11 (41.62) | 70.46 (45.08) | 0.02 |
Biopsy settings | |||
Needle length | 3.83 ± 2.32 | 4.32 ± 2.34 | 0.14 |
Needle angle | 60.35 ± 18.34 | 59.26 ± 18.93 | 0.94 |
Lung side (left lung) | 53 | 28 | 0.27 |
Patient positioning | |||
Raised on the left | 7 | 3 | 0.96 |
Left lateral | 9 | 5 | 0.67 |
Raised on the right | 9 | 2 | 0.35 |
Right lateral | 14 | 3 | 0.28 |
Supine position | 55 | 29 | 0.30 |
Prone position | 31 | 13 | 0.85 |
Lesion attached to pleura | 56 | 19 | 0.22 |
Distance to pleura (mm) | 0.74 ± 0.98 | 1.03 ± 1.18 | 0.12 |
Lesion solidity (solid) | 115 | 53 | 0.35 |
Lesion size | 4.94 ± 8.12 | 3.80 ± 3.60 | 0.47 |
Amount of biopsies | 2.62 ± 1.19 | 2.76 ± 1.39 | 0.70 |
Duration (h:mm:ss) | 00:17:26,72 ± 0:08:2.34 | 00:20:04,02 ± 00:11:32,49 | 0.34 |
Hemorrhage | 72 | 35 | 0.48 |
Water lock | 14 | 8 | 0.54 |
Diagnostic biopsy | 103 | 46 | 0.82 |