Table 1 Overview of the clinical features of the patient sample
Clinical and puncture feature | No Pneumothorax (n = 299) | Any Pneumothorax (n = 180) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Gender (female) | 119 | 59 | 0.12 |
Age (years) | 64.95 ± 12.10 | 67.56 ± 10.91 | 0.02 |
Diabetes mellitus | 69 | 42 | 0.95 |
Arterial hypertension | 170 | 87 | 0.07 |
Prior known malignant disease | 161 | 94 | 0.73 |
History of smoking (available in n = 478) | 248 (82.9%) | 158 (88.3%) | 0.12 |
Pack years (available in n = 276) | 24.11 ± 20.18 | 23.08 ± 20.58 | 0.05 |
COPD | 46 | 42 | 0.03 |
GOLD grade | 0.89 ± 1.27 | 0.88 ± 1.12 | 0.44 |
Lung function testing (available in n = 347 patients) | |||
FVC in liter (L) | 2.72 ± 0.92 | 2.84 ± 1.01 | 0.35 |
FVC in % predicted | 77.35 ± 21.64 | 81.55 ± 22.44 | 0.09 |
FEV1 in L | 2.11 ± 0.88 | 2.11 ± 0.83 | 0.80 |
FEV1 in % predicted | 74.88 ± 25.89 | 76.79 ± 24.62 | 0.40 |
FEV1/FVC | 78.15 ± 26.88 | 74. 44 ± 12.78 | 0.05 |
Rtot in % predicted | 122.59 ± 86.04 | 116.89 ± 73.72 | 0.84 |
TLC in % predicted | 99.04 ± 18.33 | 105.64 ± 17.70 | < 0.01 |
RV in % predicted | 133.76 ± 47.11 | 143.94 ± 43.20 | 0.01 |
RV/TLC in % | 51.46 ± 13.12 | 52.82 ± 12.39 | 0.26 |
DLCO SB in % predicted | 57.22 ± 22.44 | 60.22 ± 20.46 | 0.36 |
DLCO/VA in % | 71.32 ± 24.28 | 74.50 ± 21.96 | 0.31 |
Blood gas analysis (available in n = 311 patients) | |||
pO2 in mmHg | 73.80 ± 12.28 | 71.95 ± 11.29 | 0.25 |
SaO2 in % | 94.74 ± 2.93 | 94.40 ± 2.82 | 0.09 |
pCO2 in mmHg | 35.86 ± 4.51 | 36.41 ± 5.04 | 0.39 |
AaDO2 in mmHg | 28.70 ± 11.21 | 31.49 ± 10.44 | 0.89 |
pH | 7.44 ± 0.03 | 7.44 ± 0.03 | 0.07 |
Biopsy settings | |||
Inserted length of the Needle (cm) | 3.11 ± 2.08 | 3.96 ± 2.34 | < 0.001 |
Needle angle | 62.49 ± 17.53 | 60.03 ± 18.43 | 0.15 |
Lung side (left lung) | 123 | 81 | 0.41 |
Patient positioning | |||
Raised on the left | 15 | 10 | 0.26 |
Left lateral | 41 | 14 | 0.89 |
Raised on the right | 22 | 11 | 0.96 |
Right lateral | 26 | 17 | 0.03 |
Supine position | 127 | 84 | 0.002 |
Prone position | 68 | 44 | 0.01 |
Lesion attached to pleura | 153 | 75 | 0.04 |
Distance to pleura (mm) | 0.66 ± 0.89 | 0.83 ± 1.05 | 0.09 |
Lesion solidity (solid) | 279 | 168 | 0.99 |
Lesion size (mm) | 7.88 ± 13.92 | 4.58 ± 7.04 | 0.04 |
Number of biopsies | 2.98 ± 3.09 | 2.66 ± 1.25 | 0.15 |
Duration (h: mm: ss) | 0:15:21.54 ± 0:08:28.39 | 0:18:17.55 ± 0:09:17.60 | < 0.001 |
Hemorrhage | 167 | 107 | 0.44 |
Water lock | 36 | 22 | 0.95 |
Diagnostic biopsy | 277 | 149 | < 0.001 |