Fig. 2

Effect of TEF on the risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). (A) A schematic diagram illustrating the causal relationship between PAH, TEF, and circadian rhythm. (B) A Mendelian randomization analysis was conducted using TEF as the exposure factor and PAH as the outcome. The results indicated a positive correlation between TEF and PAH, suggesting that the presence of high exposure to TEF increases the risk of PAH