Fig. 2

Alpha diversity (A) and beta diversity (B) of BAL microbiome profiles in three groups. A Patients in BE and BE-FAO groups displayed similar Shannon diversity, which were significantly lower than those with COPD alone. B The pairwise values using Bray–Curtis distance and principal coordinates analysis (PCoA) to measure the beta diversity between COPD, BE-FAO and BE groups. BE Bronchiectasis without fixed airflow obstruction, BE-FAO Bronchiectasis with fixed airflow obstruction, COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease