Table 5 Propensity score matching for patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who were or were not treated with antifibrotics
|  | Unexposed a N = 2523 | Nintedanib a N = 2523 | Standardized Difference | Unexposed a N = 3399 | Pirfenidone a N = 3399 | Standardized Difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Median age category, years | 70–74 | 70–74 | < 0.001 | 70–74 | 70–74 | < 0.001 |
 40–49 | 20 (0.8) | 20 (0.8) |  | 23 (0.7) | 23 (0.7) |  |
 50–54 | 32 (1.3) | 32 (1.3) |  | 46 (1.4) | 46 (1.4) |  |
 55–59 | 76 (3.0) | 76 (3.0) |  | 104 (3.1) | 104 (3.1) |  |
 60–64 | 175 (6.9) | 175 (6.9) |  | 281 (8.3) | 281 (8.3) |  |
 65–69 | 461 (18.3) | 461 (18.3) |  | 533 (15.7) | 533 (15.7) |  |
 70–74 | 628 (24.9) | 628 (24.9) |  | 766 (22.5) | 766 (22.5) |  |
 75–79 | 679 (26.9) | 679 (26.9) |  | 929 (27.3) | 929 (27.3) |  |
 80– | 452 (17.9) | 452 (17.9) |  | 717 (21.1) | 717 (21.1) |  |
Men | 1889 (74.9) | 1889 (74.9) | < 0.001 | 2371 (69.8) | 2371 (69.8) | < 0.001 |
Comorbidity category | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Cerebrovascular disease | 538 (21.3) | 538 (21.3) | < 0.001 | 710 (20.9) | 710 (20.9) | < 0.001 |
 Dementia | 50 (2.0) | 50 (2.0) | < 0.001 | 107 (3.1) | 107 (3.1) | < 0.001 |
 Myocardial infarction | 118 (4.7) | 118 (4.7) | < 0.001 | 174 (5.1) | 174 (5.1) | < 0.001 |
 Renal disease | 118 (4.7) | 118 (4.7) | < 0.001 | 193 (5.7) | 193 (5.7) | < 0.001 |
 Congestive heart failure | 741 (29.4) | 741 (29.4) | < 0.001 | 1098 (32.3) | 1098 (32.3) | < 0.001 |
 Peripheral vascular disease | 442 (17.5) | 442 (17.5) | < 0.001 | 633 (18.6) | 633 (18.6) | < 0.001 |
 Chronic pulmonary disease | 1913 (75.8) | 1913 (75.8) | < 0.001 | 2617 (77.0) | 2617 (77.0) | < 0.001 |
 Peptic ulcer | 864 (34.2) | 864 (34.2) | < 0.001 | 1176 (34.6) | 1176 (34.6) | < 0.001 |
 Liver disease | 734 (29.1) | 734 (29.1) | < 0.001 | 967 (28.4) | 967 (28.4) | < 0.001 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 1264 (51.3) | 1264 (51.3) | < 0.001 | 1624 (47.8) | 1624 (47.8) | < 0.001 |
 Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 15 (0.6) | 15 (0.6) | < 0.001 | 44 (1.3) | 44 (1.3) | < 0.001 |
 Venous thromboembolic disease | < 10 | < 10 | < 0.001 | 32 (0.9) | 32 (0.9) | < 0.001 |
 Pulmonary hypertension | 81 (3.2) | 81 (3.2) | < 0.001 | 106 (3.1) | 106 (3.1) | < 0.001 |
Long-term oxygen use | 433 (17.2) | 433 (17.2) | < 0.001 | 591 (17.4) | 591 (17.4) | < 0.001 |
Corticosteroid use | 593 (23.5) | 593 (23.5) | < 0.001 | 1028 (30.2) | 1028 (30.2) | < 0.001 |
Observation period, months (IQR) | 19.2 (7.0–36.5) | 20.8 (13.9–31.9) |  | 19.2 (7.0–36.5) | 24.4 (13.9–40.1) |  |
 Antifibrotic therapy |  |  |  |  |  |  |
  Nintedanib only | – | 2286 (90.6) |  | – | – |  |
  Pirfenidone only | – | – |  |  | 2857 (84.1) |  |
  Switched to another agent | – | 237 (9.4) |  | – | 542 (15.9) |  |
  Therapy duration, months (IQR) | – | 14.0 (4.4–23.8) |  | – | 12.8 (3.3–26.9) |  |
  Discontinuation | – | 1118 (44.3) |  | – | 1630 (48.0) |  |
 Lung transplantation | < 10 | < 10 |  | < 10 | < 10 |  |
 Median survival time, months (95% CI) | 34.6 (30.6–39.5) | 38.7 (35.8–42.1) |  | 31.6 (29.2–35.0) | 34.7 (33.0–36.2) |  |
 Death during the observation period | 1226 (48.6) | 962 (38.1) |  | 1711 (50.3) | 1752 (51.5) |  |