Fig. 3

G12/13 signaling in proliferation. G12/13 activate RhoGEFs that generate GTP-bound RhoA, activating ROCK and stimulating proliferative gene transcription via AP-1 (a) and SRE (b) promoters. GTP-bound RhoA inhibits phosphorylation of Lats 1/2, thereby blocking negative regulation of the Hippo pathway (c). G12/13 bind to c-Abl, affecting ERK-dependent proliferation (d). (Created with BioRender.com)