Fig. 3

Altered cancer-specific metabolites in LC patients. a PLS-DA score plots of differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) in HC and LC groups. b Heatmap of DEMs between HC and LC groups (FC > 1·5 or < 0·67, adjust P < 0·05). c Volcano plot showing 229 upregulated DEMs and 250 downregulated DEMs in LC patients compared with HCs. d KEGG enrichment analysis of DEMs between HC and LC groups