Fig. 7

Asthma exacerbation is alleviated upon exogenous recombinant ISM1 supplementation. (A) Illustration of the HDM sensitization and rISM1 supplementation protocols. (B) Flow cytometry analysis of the immune cell composition in BALF comparing sensitized and non-sensitized controls (n = 4), vehicle-treated, and rISM1-treated groups (n = 5). (C) The amount of IL4, IL5, IL6, and IL10 cytokines in BALF (n = 3). (D) Serum titer of total and HDM-specific IgE comparing WT and ISM1^−/− mice with or without rISM1 supplementation (n = 4). (E) Adiponectin levels in BALF (n = 5). (F) Representative western blot analysis of pMLKL expression in lung tissues post-rISM1 treatment (n = 4). (G) Efferocytosis of UV-irradiated Jurkat T cells by alveolar macrophages in vivo (n = 5). The CD68-Phrodo red double positive population was efferocytotic AMs. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. ***P < 0.001, using Student’s t test. (H) Recombinant adiponectin enhanced MH-S efferocytosis of UV-irradiated Jurkat T cells measured using Phrodo-red dye. (I) rISM1-induced adiponectin in conditioned media (CM) promotes efferocytosis of UV-irradiated Jurkat T cells by MH-S cells. (J) The effect of antibody neutralization of ISM1-induced adiponectin on MH-S efferocytosis. The experiment was repeated three times independently. (K) Total Phrodo⁺ area quantified at 1 h after apoptotic Jurkat T cells were introduced to MH-S cells. Data are presented as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001, using one-way ANOVA.