Fig. 3

ISM1 deficiency exacerbates HDM-induced airway hyperresponsiveness. (A) Levels of TH2 cytokines in the BALF (n = 4–5). (B) Levels of TH1 cytokines in the BALF (n = 4–5). (C) Levels of TH17 cytokines in the BALF (n = 4–5). (D) Levels of chemokines in the lung tissue lysates (n = 4–5). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001, using one-way ANOVA. (E) Assessment of AHR in WT and ISM1−/− mice with or without HDM sensitization. Airway resistance was measured in response to increasing concentrations of methacholine (0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/mL) in PBS (n = 6). Data are presented as the mean ± SD. **P < 0.01, using two-way ANOVA. IL, interleukin; IFNγ, interferon-gamma; TNFα, tumor necrotic factor alpha; MCP-1, monocyte chemoattractant protein 1, PBS, phosphate-buffered saline